What is Thermal Runaway? - Assembly & Protection Solutions Division | Parker US

What is Thermal Runaway?

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What is Thermal Runaway as it Relates to Electric Vehicles?

What is Thermal Runaway as it Relates to Electric Vehicles?

Thermal runaway in electric vehicles (EVs) refers to a critical condition where an increase in temperature within a battery cell leads to a series of exothermic reactions, causing further temperature increases. This self-sustaining and escalating cycle of heat generation can result in catastrophic failure, including fires or explosions, posing significant safety risks.

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How Thermal Runaway Occurs in EVs

Understanding thermal runaway in EVs is crucial for ensuring the safety of electric vehicles. Here’s how it typically occurs:

 

  1. Initial Trigger: Factors such as overcharging, physical damage, manufacturing defects, or external heating can initiate the process.
  2. Heat Generation: The initial trigger causes the battery cell to heat up. As the temperature rises, exothermic chemical reactions within the cell accelerate.
  3. Positive Feedback Loop: These reactions release more heat, further increasing the temperature and accelerating the reactions, creating a positive feedback loop.
  4. Propagation: Heat can spread to adjacent cells, causing them to enter thermal runaway as well, potentially leading to a chain reaction throughout the battery pack.
  5. Failure: If not contained, thermal runaway can cause the battery to vent gases, catch fire, or even explode, posing significant risks to the vehicle and its occupants.

Check out the video to see how materials like CoolTherm SC-309 protect against thermal runaway. 

How Thermal Runaway Occurs in EVs

Causes of Thermal Runaway in EVs

overcharging

Overcharging

Charging the battery beyond its voltage limit can generate excessive heat.

short circuit

Internal Short Circuit

Defects or damage within the battery can cause short circuits that generate heat.

external heating

External Heating

High external temperatures or exposure to fire can heat the battery.

physical damage

Physical Damage

Impact from accidents or improper handling can damage the battery cells, leading to short circuits and heat build-up.

manufactuing defects

Manufacturing Defects

Imperfections in the battery manufacturing process can create conditions conducive to thermal runaway.

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Find thermal management solutions that effectively protect your electric vehicle battery design against thermal runaway.

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Importance of Understanding Thermal Runaway in EVs

Understanding thermal runaway in electric vehicles is critical for the safety and reliability of EVs. As electric vehicles become more prevalent, ensuring the safety of their battery systems is paramount to protect users and build public trust in electric mobility.

 

Effective thermal management like CoolTherm UR-288 not only enhance the safety of EVs but also contribute to their longevity and performance, making them a more viable and attractive option for consumers. 

Prevention and Mitigation of Thermal Runaway in EVs

On Demand Webinar

Li-ion Battery Pack Optimization: A Key to Improving Electric Vehicle Battery Safety

This informational webinar will provide an overview of EV battery safety, including the types of batteries and their hazards, the causes of battery failures, solutions for battery safety, and the strategies for preventing or mitigating battery thermal events.

EV Battery safety

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By focusing on preventive measures like thermal management and understanding the causes and effects of thermal runaway, manufacturers and consumers alike can help ensure the safe and efficient operation of electric vehicles. Reach out to us today for more intormation on how you can protect your design from thermal runaway.

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